Thursday, April 7, 2011

Life

In nature, organisms are mostly concerned with finding food and reproducing. There is never enough food because life has the tendency to multiply exponentially. This leads to competition for food.

Even reproduction is a hassle, because you have to find a mate, rear offspring, find enough food for them also, not just for you. Also, offspring have to be protected from predators.

Even finding a mate is no easy task, because you need to like the individual. Liking is more complicated than it seems. Of course, females are more selective than males because they have the tough part, of rearing the offspring, so females need to find good genes so that their effort doesn't go to waste. This is why males compete for females. Males can waste lots of sperm, because there is a lot of it. Females need to be more careful with their reproduction. This is why we have so many examples of sexual selection, one of the best examples being the peacock.

Liking has a lot to do with the way an individual looks, if an individual looks healthy, well fed and strong, it has good genes, genes needed to survive in that environment, so females tend to like them. Scent is also important, pheromones transmitting signals. Females tend to like pheromones that signal that the male has different genes than hers, this is because inbreeding has negative effects on offspring (meeting of recessive genes).

Have you ever wondered what is sex good for? Probably not. I'm going to tell you anyway. Sexual reproduction is better than asexual reproduction (cloning) because beneficial mutations can be combined (from two individuals) and because of variability. Variability is good for evolution, because natural selection can choose from more diverse individuals. There's not much to choose in clones, they are all the same.

Asexual reproduction (cloning) leads to little variability because all the genome is transmitted to the offspring. In sexual reproduction, meiosis shuffles the genes and it leads to different combinations. This is why children (of the same parents) are different (except for identical twins, which are a sort of clones). In asexual reproduction all offspring are like identical twins and they are also identical to the parent.

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If there was a new island and plants would start to grow on it, having been brought by wind, by waves or by birds (seeds in feces), there would be an untapped amount of food there. Of course, birds could eat some of it. Let's say that the island has a lot of grass growing on it. If we would bring a male and a female grazing animals (same species), they would multiply. The amount of grass on the island can sustain a certain number of grazing animals, because it is finite.

The grazing animals would multiply until they eat the grass faster than it grows. That's when the grass would not be able to sustain the population and a lot of them would starve.

So, you see, that's what life does. Even if that island is, at first, a paradise, life makes it a hell for itself. Evolution thrives in hell, it doesn't work in paradise.

Organisms don't agree to have a certain number of offspring, so that they could have a paradise, a sustainable environment, not exceeding the carrying capacity of the land.

Of course, I wish there would be heaven on Earth, but without suffering, without the constant struggle for survival and reproduction, life would not be where it is.

It's odd that some life forms have time to think about the meaning of life, not struggling for food and reproduction.

You should see this:
What is sex good for?

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